2025-08-11 06:45:16Halcon算子 二维码识别、D、QR、ECC20、PDF417、QR Code，以及多线程读取
在Halcon中，二维码识别是一个常见的机器视觉任务，通常用于产品类型检测或MES系统对接。
Halcon提供冷一系列算子（operators）来简化二维码识别的过程。
操作步骤
读取二维码图像 read_image对图像进行想要预处理 【灰度化 二值化 区域特殊筛选 形态学 几何变换 区域锁定】创建二维码解析对象 create_data_code_2d_model设置解析对象相关的参数 set_data_code_2d_param搜索目标区域的二维码并解析获取解析结果 find_data_code_2d释放二维码解析对象 clear_data_code_2d_model
创建 create
设置 set
获取 get/query
搜索 find
生成 gen
绘制 draw
显示 dev_disp
预处理
图像预处理：对比度低或模糊，可以用 scale_image 和 emphasis二维码区域提取： 当图像信息过多，可以使用 reduce_domain 和 crop_domain算子，有助于降低解码难度并减少解码时间二维码放大：对于较小的二维码，可以用 zoom_image_factor 放大图像
案例
1.D码
*窗体清空，数据清空
dev_close_window ()
dev_update_off ()
*获取窗口句柄
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
*设置字体
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
*ROI样式设置
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
*创建二维码格式
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', [], [], DataCodeHandle)
*设置二维码参数
set_data_code_2d_param (DataCodeHandle, 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition')
*读取文件夹
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/3二维D码', 'files', Files)
*正则表达式筛选
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(bmp|jpg)', Selection)
num:=|Selection|-1
for Index:=0 to num by 1
read_image (Image,Selection[Index])
*找到二维码
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
*获取结果
get_data_code_2d_results (DataCodeHandle, 'all_candidates', 'status', ResultValues)
*获取找到的数量
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
*显示
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (SymbolXLDs)
*显示解码结果
disp_message (WindowHandle, DecodedDataStrings, 'image', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
if(Index==num)
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'false')
else
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
endif
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'image', 200, 300, 'red', 'white')
2.QR码
*dev_update_off ()
*dev_close_window ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/4二维QR码', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(bmp|pg)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'red', 'true')
else
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'image', 12, 12, 'green', 'true')
endif
stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'red', 'true')
3.中文QR解码
*将输入的参数从当前操作系统语言环境编码转换成UFT-8编码
set_system ('filename_encoding', 'utf8')
dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
read_image (Image, 'D:/Halcon/Image/N维码/实现中文QR二维码的读取/1.png')
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_line_width (3)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_display (Image)
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', [], [], DataCodeHandle)
set_data_code_2d_param (DataCodeHandle, 'string_encoding', 'utf8')
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
dev_display (Image)
dev_display (SymbolXLDs)
disp_message (WindowHandle, '读出的二维码是'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)
4.查找多维玛
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (3)
*创建 Data Matrix ECC 200二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandleECC200)
*创建PDF417二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('PDF417', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandlePDF417)
*创建QR Code二维码模板
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandleQR)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/N维码/兼容多种二维码读取案例', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|bmp|png)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandleECC200, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number>0)
disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现ECC200码:\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
else
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandlePDF417, [], [], ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number>0)
disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现PDF417码：\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
else
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandleQR, [], [], ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number>0)
disp_message (WindowHandle, '发现QR码：\n\r'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
else
disp_message (WindowHandle, '未发现二维码', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
endif
endif
endif
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandleQR)
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandlePDF417)
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandleECC200)
5.ECC 200 实例
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (3)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/二维码教程/ecc 200检测实例', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|png|bmp|tif)', Selection)
for Index:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
read_image (Image, Selection[Index])
get_image_size (Image, Width, Height)
zoom_image_factor (Image, Image, 0.15, 0.15, 'constant')
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
stop()
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
endif
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number>0)
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
else
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
endif
stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)
6.PDF417 码
dev_close_window ()
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
dev_get_window (WindowHandle1)
set_display_font (WindowHandle1, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
create_data_code_2d_model ('PDF417', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/二维码教程/pdf417', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(png|jpg|bmp)', Selection)
for i:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
read_image (Image, Selection[i])
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
*训练模板。训练模板的时间比较长，比正常识别长很多，而且当训练模板没有找到二维码的时候，时间会更长
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs1, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings1)
*为了防止程序崩溃，导致保存添加了新信息的模板丢失，及时保存新模板
write_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle, 'C:/Users/86195/Desktop/二维码集合/data_code_model.dcm')
stop ()
endif
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'NG', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
else
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
endif
stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)
7.QR Code 码
dev_close_window ()
dev_get_window (WindowHandle)
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_line_width (3)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', DataCodeHandle)
list_files ('D:/Halcon/Image/二维码教程/qrcode', 'files', Files)
tuple_regexp_select (Files, '.(jpg|bmp|png)', Selection)
for i:=0 to |Selection|-1 by 1
read_image (Image, Selection[i])
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs, DataCodeHandle, [], [], ResultHandles, DecodedDataStrings)
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
find_data_code_2d (Image, SymbolXLDs1, DataCodeHandle, 'train', 'all', ResultHandles1, DecodedDataStrings1)
write_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle, 'C:/Users/86195/Desktop/二维码集合/data_code_model.dcm')
stop ()
endif
count_obj (SymbolXLDs, Number)
if(Number<1)
disp_message (WindowHandle, DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
else
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'OK\r\n'+DecodedDataStrings, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
endif
stop ()
endfor
disp_message (WindowHandle, '结束了', 'window', 200, 300, 'black', 'true')
clear_data_code_2d_model (DataCodeHandle)
8.多线程并行读取QR码
**************************************************************************1.初始化****************************************************
*测量次数
Loops := 3
*关闭程序计数器,图形窗口更新,图像变量更新
dev_update_off ()
*关闭已经打开的窗口
dev_close_window ()
*读取一张图像
read_image (Image, 'barcode/mixed/barcodes_datacodes_mixed_01')
*创建一个窗口,图像可以自适应该窗口
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)
*设置字体显示信息:字体大小:16;字体类型:mono;粗体,斜体;
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
*显示图像
dev_display (Image)
**************************************************************************1.多线程来对多个二维码进行解码****************************************************
*创建一个QR Code类型的二维码模版
create_data_code_2d_model ('QR Code', [], [], QrCodeModel)
*创建一个Data Matrix ECC 200类型的二维码模版
create_data_code_2d_model ('Data Matrix ECC 200', 'default_parameters', 'maximum_recognition', Ecc200Model)
*创建一个一维码模版
create_bar_code_model ([], [], BarCodeModel)
* 训练Qr二维码模版
find_data_code_2d (Image, QrCodeXldsSeq, QrCodeModel, ['stop_after_result_num','train'], [2,'all'], QrCodeHandlesSeq, QrCodeStringsSeq)
* 训练Ecc200二维码模版
find_data_code_2d (Image, Ecc200XldsSeq, Ecc200Model, ['stop_after_result_num','train'], [2,'all'], Ecc200HandlesSeq, Ecc200StringsSeq)
* 训练EAN-13一维码模版
find_bar_code (Image, BarCodeRegionsSeq, BarCodeModel, ['EAN-13','Code 128'], BarCodeStringsSeq)
* 串行识别二维码信息,循环识别3次
count_seconds (T1)
for L := 1 to Loops by 1
find_qr_codes (Image, QrCodeXldsSeq, QrCodeModel, QrCodeHandlesSeq, QrCodeStringsSeq)
find_ecc200_codes (Image, Ecc200Xlds, Ecc200Model, Ecc200Handles, Ecc200Strings)
find_bar_codes (Image, BarCodeRegions, BarCodeModel, BarCodeStrings)
endfor
count_seconds (T2)
*串行操作花费的时间
TimeSeq := 1000.0 * (T2 - T1) / Loops
* 并行识别二维码信息,循环识别3次
count_seconds (T1)
for L := 1 to Loops by 1
*** 开启多线程 par_start<线程名称>
par_start
par_start
par_start
* 等待3个线程执行完成
par_join ([ThreadQRCode,ThreadECC200,ThreadBarcode])
endfor
count_seconds (T2)
*并行操作花费的时间
TimePar := 1000.0 * (T2 - T1) / Loops
* 计算并行相对串行速度提升了多少
Speedup := 100 * ((TimeSeq / TimePar) - 1)
* 显示识别到的二维码区域
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_set_line_width (4)
dev_set_color ('yellow')
dev_display (QrCodeXlds)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_display (Ecc200Xlds)
dev_set_color ('cyan')
dev_display (BarCodeRegions)
Color := ['forest green','red']
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Multithreading speedup: ' + Speedup$'.2f' + '%', 'window', 42, 12, Color[Speedup < 1], 'true')
*删除各自条码模版并释放分配内存
clear_bar_code_model (BarCodeModel)
clear_data_code_2d_model (Ecc200Model)
clear_data_code_2d_model (QrCodeModel)